A disc extrusion, also known as a disc herniation, usually occurs from degeneration due to a disease like osteoarthritis or the natural aging process. Other causes may include injury, trauma, overexertion, illness, or obesity. Given the circumstances, disc extrusions are largely unpreventable and may heal on their own without surgery.
In most cases, an extruded disc will cause referred pain. Meaning, pain that is felt in an area other than where the disc extrusion was caused. Symptoms of disc extrusion generally include:
For minor cases of disc extrusion, surgery may not be necessary. Many extruded discs heal on their own. Nevertheless, treatment for pain that often accompanies disc extrusion may be necessary for some patients. Treatments usually include pain medication, steroid injections, nerve blocks, and more. If the extruded disc progresses into a severely damaged or herniated disc, patients may want to consider minimally invasive spine surgery.
Talk to your pain management physician at Chronicillness.co Site of United States about treatment for disc extrusion.
Whether you live in a bustling metropolis or a quiet rural area, chances are you’ve been touched by the opioid epidemic in some way—or you will be.
While many people can safely use prescription opioids, others end up addicted to them. In fact, most people who end up using heroin (an illegal opioid) started by using prescription opioids.
Women are more apt than men to suffer from chronic pain, which sometimes means using prescription opioids. Even if you never misuse opioids yourself, your spouse, child or other loved one might be struggling. As the likely gatekeeper for your family’s health, it makes sense that you’d want to find the best resources available—or perhaps even join forces with others in your community to develop new ones. While traditional drug rehabilitation programs (both inpatient and outpatient) play an important role, novel ideas are transforming how communities across the country are tackling this problem from all angles.
Here’s a look at a few unique approaches that are making a difference for women and families.
Many parents worry about keeping their teens drug-free, and school-based early intervention programs seem to be an effective way of making that happen. Research funded by the National Institute on Drug Use found that seventh graders who participated in a LifeSkills Training (LST) prevention intervention program were substantially less likely to misuse opioids compared to children in control communities.
The LST program has been implemented in schools in many states. The LST Prescription Drug Abuse Prevention materials can be ordered online, so it’s easy to get them for your local schools (with the support of your educators and administrators).
Substance abuse often runs in families due to both genetic and environmental factors. Camp Mariposa is a free program for children, ages 9 to 12, who have been impacted by a family member’s substance abuse issues. Campers attend several weekend retreats a year, during which they spend time with mentors, learn mindfulness skills to cope with trauma and gain confidence while participating in fun activities.
There are currently 13 Camp Mariposa locations throughout the U.S., and the organization is open to expanding by partnering with additional mental health and youth support groups.
The first national self-help addiction program created specifically for women, Women for Sobriety, can be used independently or in conjunction with other recovery programs. Weekly support groups are held across the U.S. and Canada. The organization also hosts an annual weekend retreat in June that features presentations on beginning sobriety, relapse prevention and overall health and wellness.
Having a baby isn’t easy; add an opioid use disorder to the mix and things get exponentially more complicated. The Moms in Recovery program at Dartmouth-Hitchcock aims to streamline care so that pregnant women and new moms with opioid use disorder can get prenatal and postpartum care as well as psychiatric counseling and medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction under one roof. The outpatient program also features an on-site food pantry and diaper bank and access to a pediatrician who handles monthly child wellness checkups and gives babies and moms key immunizations.
Opioid abuse disorder and problems with illegal drugs often go hand-in-hand, as heroin use among women doubled between 2003 and 2012. In Oregon, women who have been involved with the criminal justice system can get inpatient help at the Volunteers of America Oregon’s Women’s Residential Center in Multnomah County. Women live in transitional housing while participating in a program designed to prevent relapse and re-arrest. The program boasts a high success rate: Everyone who completes it moves to stable, sober housing, and most obtain solid employment or attend school afterward. Women who have children age 6 and younger can bring the kids with them to the facility.
Opioid use disorder doesn’t happen in a vacuum, and those who have become addicted to opioids aren’t the only ones who suffer. While family support groups abound—you can search for one near you at www.supportgroupproject.org—some Rhode Island residents have been working to heal and shatter the stigma by participating in a “therapeutic theatre production” through COAAST (Creating Outreach About Addiction Support Together). Participants rehearse and perform a short play, “Four Legs to Stand On,” about the impact of opioid abuse on a family, then engage in a “talkback” session designed to get audience members to share how they have been touched by this epidemic.
We’re featuring quick, easy-to-digest information on all things trigger points and referred pain. Continue reading to learn more about treatments for trigger points and referred pain.
Trigger points are palpable nodes in the muscle that are common in the upper back and shoulders. Chronic musculoskeletal disorders may lead to the development of trigger points in other areas of the body as well. Myofascial trigger points are similar but can occur in softer tissues like skin, ligaments, tendons, and scar tissue.
Referred pain is pain that is felt in an area other than where it is caused. Unfortunately, trigger points can cause referred pain, which may feel dull or achy in areas close to the trigger point. In addition to referred pain, trigger points may cause numbness, tingling, weakness, or false heart pain.
Trigger points can be treated with a variety of methods depending on how mild, moderate or severe the condition is. The pain management physicians at Chronicillness.co Site of United States treat trigger points and referred pain with trigger point injections. These unique injections contain a mixture of anesthetics or cortisone medication to deactivate the trigger point and provide subsequent relief. Learn more about trigger point injections by visiting our treatments page.
Other techniques like massage therapy, dry needling, and more may help with trigger point pain. Talk to the team at TPC to discuss treatment options for trigger points and referred pain.
Hospitalization and surgery are demanding life events that lead to considerable stress and anxiety in patients. The fear of the “unknown” is a powerful force for the patient especially during the perioperative surgical time period. Unfortunately, medical errors and medications errors are often linked to miscommunication, anxiety and poor patient satisfaction which are common occurrences. Moreover, patients perceive the day of surgery as one of the most intimidating days in their lives and there is a real absence of information on predictors of anxiety in the current literature. Additionally, there is mounting evidence that patient education is one critical way to combat stress and anxiety during this time period. Studies have shown that preoperative surgical education can significantly reduce stress and anxiety preoperatively, therefore increasing patient satisfaction.
Preoperative patient education, particularly in regards to medications, is also an essential component of patient safety and satisfaction in today’s healthcare arena. It’s been suggested that changes in preoperative patient education, particularly in a pre-admission assessment testing unit (PATs), is an excellent starting point for an improvement in patient safety and for the increase in satisfaction ratings.
The hospital where this project was implemented was at a for-profit, minimally resourced university teaching hospital in Philadelphia, PA. Moreover, high risk populations, such as substance use disorders, combined with hospitals that are have low access to adequate resources in busy overpopulated urban centers, such as in Philadelphia, pose further burdens on the providers taking care of these patients during surgery. Adding to this is the mounting pressures of productivity, checklists, and efficiency, create minimal time for adequate shared-decision making for communication during the surgical process.
At the time, when I joined the anesthesiology department, there was no organizational health system infrastructure for a pain service or handling a mounting opioid crisis or a broad systemic, pre-operative consultation service to address patient questions immediately prior to surgery. Many patients would only be requested to visit a routine testing center with minimal guidance on how much pain they would have and the risks involved during the course of surgery. Moreover, the high-risk patients that had opioid pain medications or a history of substance use disorders (which was highly prevalent in this population) prior to surgery were less likely to be appropriately screened prior to surgery and less likely to have follow up afterwards since no high-risk clinic existed within the health system. In order to streamline the process, I was charged to organize these processes before, during and after surgery to ensure these high-risk patients had improved pain and communication and ultimately overall better patient satisfaction.
In order to streamline the process, I wanted to first improve communication with patients with an established tool that was standardized. I was already engaged with the World Health Organization (WHO) on prior work regarding pain and was familiar with tools they used for pain and surgery. One such tool was the WHO’s 2014 tool which has a primary focus on patients in the perioperative surgical journey. This specific tool was one of the newest evidence-based WHO instruments called “Patient’s Communication Tool for Surgical Safety” (PCTSS) and composed of a structured, nine-item “Before Surgery” questionnaire. The communication tool consists of a nine-item questionnaire used to improve communication between the practitioner and the surgical patient. These nine questions ask specifics regarding patient’s previous surgical procedures, fluid and food restrictions, pertinent health history, personal hygiene, medication history including supplements, whether a patient is pregnant or breastfeeding, medications to avoid preoperatively, the surgical location, their projected length of recovery and the pain expectations post-operatively.
Given that research and implementation tools developed by the WHO are well-known and respected in health care, I developed a project to use this tool throughout surgical units to improve communication during the surgical process. The goal was to decrease costs, surgical delays, cancellations, and postoperative complications. The educational questionnaire would help increase communication for preoperative patients about surgery, stress and anxiety levels, perceived postoperative goals, and aspects of a patient’s perioperative experience. This questionnaire would also help patients to better relay their preoperative history so that their health care practitioners can fulfill the necessary requirements of their care before any surgical intervention is performed. The structure of the tool would also provide an open dialogue for a more highly effective communication between the doctors and patients, and any family members present.
Improving patient safety is the primary reason to implement this project into the urban-city hospital’s perioperative decision-making process. One of the long-term goals in utilizing this project was to position this hospital’s pain division and anesthesiology department to be aligned with national leaders on the opioid crisis and patient satisfaction. The WHO questionnaire can save healthcare costs despite being a simple, low-cost tool. By reducing surgical delays and cancellations related to errors in obtaining a patient’s past medical information, the goal of decreased surgical and anesthetic risks can be achieved by better communication. The project in turn could be a cost-saving method of reducing perioperative complications and medical mishaps associated with lost and misused healthcare allocations from communication errors while also enriching the communication between health care practitioners and their preoperative patient population.
Several barriers exist to establish a new process in a hospital environment. First and most challenging is to get approval from leadership or get & lsquobuy-in’ that the process is legitimate and necessary. Second, once approval is obtained, training staff and individuals involved in implementation of the process is critical. However, given this particular hospital was under-resourced and staffing was a constant issue, many individuals were unwilling to take on another task to their already burdened daily duties. Third, assigning core leaders throughout the hospital who would implement the tool was another constant challenge. Communication with patients regarding surgery was key performance metric for leadership given hospital reimbursement was directly linked to patient satisfaction. Therefore, leadership understood that patient safety and satisfaction are paramount during patient care. Additionally, information collected during a preoperative assessment is generally used by the hospital’s surgical and anesthesiology team to determine perioperative risks and usually does not get disseminated or coordinated with teams efficiently thereafter. Therefore, collection of data to improve processes long-term would be critical to sustain the program later which would be cumbersome given antiquated computer systems that existed at the time.
The importance of addressing this issue of opioid use, pain and patient satisfaction was critically important to leadership of the hospital given that reimbursement of payment of services was tied critically to the patient surveys. However, most team members felt more compelled to work with the project to address healthcare disparities in the hospital’s most medically and socially vulnerable population in Philadelphia and the growing need to address the opioid epidemic particularly in this area was more of a secondary endpoint. Moreover, if outcome measures show improvement, a revamp of this Philadelphia hospital’s preoperative education will be warranted and funding may be warranted. This eventually would bring long-term sustainability to the program and build the framework for a larger program in the future with staffing.
When we used the tool in a pilot study population in Philadelphia to assess patient satisfaction, we found that providing this tool to engage the patient in the preoperative communication process may have an impact on overall outcomes especially in improving the awareness of complications which was statically significant (p=0.044). Many recent initiatives have stressed the importance of patient communication, both within healthcare teams and within the physician-patient relationship to improve the patient experience. This tool has the potential to engage patients further in ensuring their safety in the patient awareness of complications.
There is a definite need for new strategies to counter adverse effects that hinder the quality of a person’s overall surgical experience and outcome. Preoperative anxiety, especially during surgery, is associated with difficulties in establishing intravenous access, delayed relaxation of muscles, coughing and exacerbation of respiratory issues during induction of anesthesia, heart rate and blood pressure instability, and an increase in anesthetic requirements. Patient anxiety also correlates with elevated pain levels, increased nausea and vomiting risks in the postoperative period, a lengthened recovery period and an increased risk for advanced disease processes. These symptoms all increase healthcare spending through delayed patient recovery times. The implementation of the WHO’s 2014 patient communication assessment through an efficient and well-coordinated project has the potential to enable patients to communicate more effectively with their healthcare providers, improving their awareness of the surgical process and hospital routine leading to improved postoperative outcomes and decrease the aforementioned complications. The financial impact of even small improvements in operating room efficiency is significant to a hospital with a busy OR schedule. A reduction in canceled cases increases volume and improves revenue in today’s competitive healthcare environment. When surgical procedures are delayed, valuable OR time may be wasted, and staff time is under-utilized. This project is an excellent example of the benefits that prevention of complications affords and, “if at least five major complications are prevented within the first year of using the checklist, a hospital will realize a return on its investment within that same year”. The opportunity for not only cost reduction, better surgical outcomes for patients with decreased stress and surgical fears, along with decreased numbers of surgical delays and cancellations should not be dismissed by administrators. Solving key public health problems often requires that healthcare practitioners use research-based knowledge, advocate for public policy changes and engage government agencies to implement change. In today’s healthcare field, scientific researchers, clinicians, and policy analysts have become increasingly conscious of the crucial role that implementation science has in reducing the chasm between what has been shown to be effective in research and what is feasible in healthcare practices. Here is a helpful graphic that shows the questions to ask before and after surgery
As you may have noticed, products with CBD are now touted for all sorts of conditions, including pain relief (for fibromyalgia, for example), anxiety, depression, insomnia, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and cancer. But how effective is CBD, what risks are associated with using CBD and why are we suddenly seeing it advertised and sold everywhere? (For example, this flag has appeared outside a small pharmacy across the street from where I live.) Many important questions do not yet have answers.
The proliferation of CBD products is an important women’s health issue for several reasons. First, chronic pain is a concern for many women – it’s the focus of Chronicillness.co first scientific summit, Chronic Pain in Women, on July 17 and 18. Second, as a fat-soluble compound, CBD (like THC), crosses the placenta, and is present in breast milk. And third, it is possible that CBD products could cause a woman to fail a drug test. (If a CBD product contains THC (the chemical in marijuana that causes a “high”) above the 0.3% threshold allowed under the new federal law, or a drug test is sensitive enough to detect low levels of THC, an individual could test positive. Likewise, if an individual has used a lot CBD products containing low levels of THC, or if a test is specifically looking for CBD, a positive drug test is possible.)
CBD is cannabidiol, one of many compounds found in the cannabis family of plants, which includes marijuana and hemp. Products containing CBD can be “pure” (if it is the single compound), or it can be “full spectrum” when they contain all the compounds extracted from the plant material, (i.e., hemp), and some products many indicate “active hemp extract” without mentioning CBD.
The manufacturing and sale of CBD products have exploded since a December 2018 federal law removed CBD from the list of controlled substances and allowed hemp production, as long as the hemp doesn’t contain more than 0.3% THC.
So, what might CBD good for? The FDA has approved a medicine with CBD (Epidoliex®) for two very rare forms of childhood epilepsy. Some of the advertised CBD products tout benefits for neurological conditions, which may be based on research showing CBD interacts with certain types of neuroreceptors, and some limited clinical data. This information was summarized in a 2017 report from the National Academy of Medicine: “The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids.” However, CBD (like its psychoactive cousin THC) has not been rigorously studied outside of the clinical trials for the FDA-approved medicine, and most of the claims about CBD are based upon anecdotes or poorly conducted investigations. What this means for women’s health is that there are significant unknowns and many questions still to be researched.
The FDA is moving forward with developing rules about CBD. A hearing was held in late May, but it is unclear how long it will take FDA to develop and implement new regulations. (See the FDA’s Q&A page about CBD, related products and its regulatory activities here.) In this regulatory void, some states have enacted rules about how CBD products can be sold, marketed, or labeled.
Until the FDA acts, CBD products (with the exception of Epidoliex®) are not being regulated as prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines, vitamins or as foods, (including dietary supplements). Therefore, adding CBD to any of those products is in violation of federal rules. Because of potential risks to consumers, the FDA has sent warning letters to some companies selling CBD products, particularly when claims are made about the CBD product as if it were a medicine, such as a treatment for cancer or other medical conditions.
Using CBD products rather than FDA-approved or physician-prescribed treatments is another risk associated with the proliferation of CBD products. As the FDA Commissioner wrote about CBD products in April 2019, “We also don’t want patients to forgo appropriate medical treatment by substituting unapproved products for approved medicines used to prevent, treat, mitigate or cure a particular disease or condition.”
The major safety and quality concerns about CBD products can be divided into a few categories:
The good news is that there doesn’t seem to be many direct side-effects of CBD for most people – although the clinical trials for Epidoliex® found some patients developed liver problems. However, outside of the studies on children with rare forms of epilepsy, large well conducted trials are limited, which especially raises concerns about health effects from long-term use. For women with chronic conditions and taking prescription medicines (including birth control pills), the unknown side effects and drug-drug interactions could be particularly important.
Quality, dosing and contamination issues are also serious concerns. How CBD is manufactured or purified is important because different extraction and purification methods produce different mixtures of compounds. Also, extraction from cannabis plant material has traditionally been done using butane or propane, which can leave petroleum residues in the final product. There are potentially other quality and safety problems that can arise in manufacturing – particularly when there is so little oversight or regulations. Specifically, researchers have found CBD products can contain THC, pesticides, lead or other heavy metals. The lack of data also means there is great uncertainty about what appropriate dosage levels might be for particular people or for different uses. And, of course, accurate dosing is a problem when quality control is inconsistent, i.e., how do you know how much CBD you are receiving, if the manufacturer may not be certain about the concentration of CBD in their products.
And why is CBD being added to foods (both for humans and pets) despite this violating FDA regulations because CBD is an active ingredient in an approved medicine? Maybe it is trendy and sounds like a great new thing? Or maybe it is a revenue-driven marketing strategy that is leveraging off state laws allowing the legalization (and taxation) of medical and recreational marijuana – despite marijuana still being illegal under Federal law.
The bottom line is that you likely can get CBD oil, capsules or foods where you live, but are there possible harms? Yes. But what these harms may be is still largely unknown. Therefore, until there are clear rules about the types of CBD products that can be sold and quality manufacturing requirements, including the information that manufacturers and sellers must make available (perhaps similar to the labels on foods or for OTC medicines), what is appropriate dosing, and of course, what CBD might actually be good for, it is “buyer beware.”
You may have perused the “Providers” section of our website and wondered what the D.O. and M.D. behind a physician’s name stood for. You may have also wondered if the difference between the two degrees matters within the medical field. The pain management physicians at Chronicillness.co Site of United States understands these titles may be confusing to patients, which is why they are addressing the differences between physicians with a D.O. and M.D. degree.
M.D.s and D.O.s are both licensed physicians, however, their training differed slightly allowing them to bring unique perspectives on patient care. M.D.s focus on the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. This is a “classic” form of medicine, also referred to as allopathic medicine, that allows the physician to practice medicine and surgery as well as prescribe medications. These doctors work to treat a patient’s symptoms. Roughly 750,000 physicians in the United States are M.D.s.
D.O.s on the other hand place a heavy emphasis on integrated care. A D.O. is an osteopathic physician with a holistic view of medicine. He or she reaches a diagnosis based on the patient’s whole body functioning and symptoms, rather than addressing the symptoms alone. Osteopathic physicians also place a large emphasis on the prevention of diseases. Of the approximately 800,000 practicing physicians in the U.S., roughly 50,000 are D.O.s.
Physicians with a D.O. are also licensed in all 50 states to practice medicine, and surgery and prescribe medications. The important thing to remember is both M.D. and D.O. schools have 4-year degrees and both have very similar curricula. Both are also required to complete accredited medical residencies. Patients should not see much of a difference between the two physicians in terms of medical care. They are both fully qualified doctors that may present a different approach when treating a patient. Chronicillness.co Site of United States is fully equipped with both kinds of physicians and enjoys seeing the comprehensive and multidisciplinary approaches.
This is an amazing time to be a woman in our country. In the past six months alone we’ve had women at the helm of three network morning shows, we’ve had a record number of women running Fortune 500 companies, and our thrilling women’s national team just won the World Cup.
But this is not enough. Women aren’t running the three major networks, the record number of Fortune 500 CEOs was just 33, and when our female athletes get injured their doctors may not have the ability to treat their pain as well as their male counterparts simply because they just don’t know how.
Understanding women from the perspectives of both sex and gender are going to be critical as we look to drive sustainable change in the health arena and particularly in pain management. Nearly a third of Americans experience long-lasting pain, and approximately 20 percent of the population lives in chronicpain. The cost of chronic pain to the country is more than $558 billion each year, which is more than the annual cost of heart disease.
Yet, as much as we talk about pain management, if we don’t explore the disparity of male and female pain, we will not achieve the change that is needed to overcome this crisis.
To help get the conversation started on chronic pain management, Chronicillness.co will convene a Chronic Pain Summit on July 17 and 18, in Ellicott City, MD. The event will feature presentations from prominent pain specialists and is designed to foster dialogue between patients, clinicians, researchers, and industry experts, and will include representatives from federal agencies and other non-profit organizations as well. I am thrilled to be the keynote speaker during this summit.
Together, we aim to raise awareness about chronic pain in women, address existing challenges and knowledge gaps, and encourage everyone to work together as we strive to find new and innovative solutions. Here is a sneak peek at what we will cover during the summit.
In the meantime, here is what you should know right now.
Hormones regulate our systems in the inner workings of how our body is built. Hormones are also involved in biological mechanisms that play a critical role in how women and men feel pain. It was just ten years ago that researchers recognized that female mice responded differently to pokes and prods then male mice. This moment spurred the discovery that pain pathways can vary significantly, and has us now exploring the differences between male pain and female pain.
This discovery was only made because a researcher bucked the trend and included female mice in his research, which was not common practice. If we are going to make an exact change in pain management for women, women need to be a part of trials. If men don’t feel the same pain, we are going to need to adjust how we treat women’s pain.
Gender is societal. It is the expectation that we place on people and the social influences that define who we are, and it plays a role in how women’s pain is managed. The fact is that women report pain differently than men, and doctors respond to women’s pain differently than they to do men’s pain. We also know that doctors assume people who look “better” are healthier and require less treatment.
This issue of gender expectations is critical. Women with chronic pain are more likely to be wrongly diagnosed with mental health conditions than men and be prescribed psychotropic drugs. We also know that women are more likely to be prescribed prescription pain medicines, be given higher doses, and remain on them for longer. And women are less likely to remain on a treatment plan that conflicts with other responsibilities.
Ultimately, when you put misses of love and gender together, it can be toxic. Consider this:
Post-surgery studies have shown that women consistently reported slightly more intense pain than men for 30 different types of surgery, ranging from an appendectomy to knee replacement. At the same time, some studies show that following breast surgery, women who receive a nerve block and regional anesthesia recover better. We also know that among surgical patients, there are more female chronic opioid users than male, and females are more likely to be chronic users than males.
So the question becomes, in treating women like men are we fueling a more significant crisis?
The fact is that we are at a great moment of awareness that we must harness to drive change. We must explore new paths, recognize the impact of sex and gender differences in patient care, and power a new momentum to define best steps to manage pain in women.
If sit-ups are a part of your regular workout routine, you may want to reconsider. The Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps are already doing so after a study found that 56% of fitness–related injuries came from sit-ups. The article goes on to say that while the armed forces are reviewing their fitness standards, the Canadian Armed Forces have already done away with sit-ups.
So why are sit-ups so bad? Studies show that the lumbar spine undergoes a lot of pressure against the ground when a person completes a sit-up. While this is normally not a harmful action, repeated pressure can injure the spine. In a worst-case scenario, the spine can push into a nerve, which could cause a chronic neuropathic condition.
Chronicillness.co Site of United States has been seeing a record number of patients who have severe back pain. In fact, back pain in the United States is on the rise, affecting millions of Americans annually and especially in the lumbar spine.
Instead of doing a traditional sit-up, our physicians have a few suggestions for abdominal exercises that shouldn’t injure the back. In general, it’s recommended to practice planks and side planks. In this exercise, patients hold a push-up position, but instead of their hands, they are on their elbows and forearms. This strengthens the abdominal muscles because it activates the core to keep the spine completely flat.
While planks are a great way to prevent spine injury, sit-ups and other workout–related injuries could have already taken a toll on the back. If you or a loved one are experiencing low back pain, consider coming to Chronicillness.co Site of United States for treatment. We can help manage pain that is due to conditions of the spine including a herniated disc, injuries to the facet joints, and conditions relating to nerve damage due to an injury. Our physicians highly encourage people to seek treatment as soon as they notice that their back pain is just not going away on its own. Treating acute back pain is much easier than treating a chronic condition, so patients should see a physician as soon as possible. We may even be able to help you form a workout routine that’s safe to do while seeking back pain treatment!
Instead, chronic pain management needs to take individual differences into account and ensure an adequate and unbiased response to treatment.
To help get the conversation started on chronic pain management, Chronicillness.co will convene a Chronic Pain Summit on July 17 and 18, in Ellicott City, MD. The event will feature presentations from prominent pain specialists and is designed to foster dialogue between patients, clinicians, researchers, and industry experts, and will include representatives from federal agencies and other non-profit organizations as well.
Together, we aim to raise awareness about chronic pain in women, address existing challenges and knowledge gaps, and encourage everyone to work together as we strive to find new and innovative solutions. Here is what we covered during the summit.
Chronic pain is a significant public health problem nationwide and according to a 2011 Institute of Medicine report can be considered as a disease in itself that requires adequate treatment and research commitment.
Two important differences to consider when treating and researching chronic pain are sex and gender. Sex differences are influenced by both biological and physiological factors such as hormones and genetics and gender differences by societal, environmental and cultural concerns. No matter the source, sex and gender differences must be considered in chronic pain diagnosis, treatment, prevention and management.
That’s because research finds women are more sensitive to pain and rate their pain higher as compared to men. Women are also more likely to have conditions that cause chronic pain—defined as lasting more than three months—such as lower back pain, knee pain (mostly osteoarthritis), neck pain, fibromyalgia, and migraines. Notably too, several painful conditions including uterine fibroids, pelvic pain, endometriosis, and vulvodynia occur exclusively in women.
Women with chronic pain conditions are more likely to be treated with opioids and use these drugs for longer periods of time than men, but even this isn’t a clear-cut issue. Although long-term opioid use can open the door to addiction, many women who take these drugs responsibly worry that policy changes may result in losing access to the only treatment that has been able to ease their pain and being stigmatized as drug addicts.
Recent scientific evidence suggests that the use of integrative and complimentary health approaches may benefit women with managing their chronic pain with or without prescription medications.
Studies have suggested that many chronic pain patients can benefit from incorporating physical therapy, massage, exercise, acupuncture, yoga, Tai Chi, or meditation into their treatment regimen, but most healthcare professionals don’t know enough about these modalities and health insurance companies rarely cover them fully, if at all. Psychological therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, may also be useful, but again research, education, and access are limited.
The Department of Health and Human Services addressed these issues in a recent report and proposed best practices and recommendations for balanced pain management based on biopsychosocial model of care, individualized patient-centered care, better and safer opioid stewardship and a multidisciplinary approach to chronic pain.
In the end, any approach to chronic pain must also recognize that gender, racial and cultural biases often exist in pain treatment and management. Unconscious bias by health care professionals can greatly affect the way pain is assessed, treated and managed in women, especially women of color who are less likely to receive any or adequate pain treatment.
Disability, stigma, workplace related issues, access to care and affordability of treatments are all important issues that impact pain management and the quality of life in women living with chronic pain. Whatever the reasons for these biases and these disparities, the tremendous effects on a woman’s psychological health cannot be underestimated.
Almost no one is immune to occasional low back pain. But when it’s chronic, when simple movement seems impossible, it can keep you from enjoying life. And painkillers aren’t always the answer.
Research has shown that mind-body practices can help. These include yoga and cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT, which teaches you how to change certain thoughts and behaviors, which are factors involved in sensing pain.
A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association adds mindfulness-based stress reduction — MBSR for short — to the list. It’s based on principles of meditation designed to make you more aware and accepting of life’s experiences. This translates to easing both physical and emotional discomfort.
For the study, researchers wanted to compare the results of cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction on two different groups of participants. The people in both groups received eight weekly 2-hour sessions of their respective therapies and were then monitored for a year. At 26 weeks, about 60 percent of both the CBT and MBSR groups reported meaningful improvement in back pain and functioning. These results were still felt at the one-year mark, showing that mindfulness works as well as CBT. The advantage is that mindfulness-based stress reduction may be more readily available.
Developed at the University of Massachusetts in 1979, mindfulness-based stress reduction is now offered at more than 200 medical facilities around the world, at wellness retreats and, thanks to the internet, through online programs. Just make sure to check the credentials of the organizations and the practitioners offering the training before you sign up.
